Scented Candles are generally not considered toxic under normal conditions of use, but their safety depends on the quality of ingredients and usage conditions.
Key Factors Influencing Safety
Wax Type
Paraffin Wax: Common in cheaper Candles, paraffin is derived from petroleum and may release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like benzene and toluene when burned. While studies show these emissions are typically below harmful thresholds, long-term exposure in poorly ventilated spaces could pose risks.
Soy/Vegetable Wax: These natural alternatives burn cleaner, producing fewer soot particles and VOCs. They are widely regarded as safer for indoor use.
Fragrance Sources
Synthetic Fragrances: Some synthetic aroma chemicals may contain phthalates, which are linked to hormonal disruptions. However, fragrances approved for candle use (whether natural or synthetic) must comply with safety standards set by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA).
Natural Essential Oils: Generally considered safer, but even natural fragrances can cause allergies or sensitivities in some individuals.
Wick Material
Lead-Core Wicks: Historically used to keep wicks upright, lead-core wicks can release toxic lead particles when burned. Modern candles are required to use lead-free wicks (e.g., cotton or wood), but older or imported candles may still pose risks.
Dyes and Additives
Some dyes used in colored candles may contain benzidine, a compound linked to bladder cancer. High-quality candles often avoid synthetic dyes or use non-toxic alternatives.
Health Risks and Considerations
Short-Term Exposure: Under normal use, Scented Candles are unlikely to cause immediate harm. However, burning multiple candles in a small, unventilated room may temporarily irritate the eyes, nose, or throat.
Long-Term Exposure: Prolonged use of paraffin-based candles in poorly ventilated areas could contribute to indoor air pollution, potentially increasing risks for respiratory issues or cardiovascular problems over time.
Allergies and Sensitivities: Some people may experience headaches, asthma attacks, or skin irritation from Scented Candles, regardless of toxicity. This is often due to individual sensitivities to fragrances or soot particles.
Recommendations for Safe Use
Choose High-Quality Candles: Opt for products made with soy/vegetable wax, lead-free wicks, and natural or IFRA-approved fragrances. Avoid paraffin wax, synthetic dyes, and unregulated brands.
Ensure Proper Ventilation: Burn candles in well-ventilated areas to minimize the buildup of VOCs and soot.
Limit Burn Time: Avoid burning candles for more than 3–4 hours at a time to reduce exposure to emissions.
Trim the Wick: Keep wicks trimmed to ¼ inch to prevent excessive soot production.
Consider Alternatives: If concerned about toxicity, use essential oil diffusers, beeswax candles, or unscented candles with natural wicks.